Placing the Verb Before the Subject in Spanish

As in English, the most common word order in Spanish for the main parts of a sentence is for the main verb to follow the subject, that is, the noun that performs the action of the verb. For example, the following sentences follow the normal pattern: El hombre canta. (The man sings. In this sentence, hombre/man is the subject noun, and canta/sings is the verb.)El aà ±o fue especialmente cà ¡lido.  (The year was especially hot. Aà ±o/year is the subject noun, and fue/was is the verb.) However, in Spanish it is much more common than in English for that word order to be reversed, for there to be an inversion. In general, Spanish is more flexible in where parts of the sentence can be located. This lesson deals specifically with placing the subject after the verb. Here are those most common cases where this phenomenon appears: Inversion of Subject-Verb Order in Questions and Exclamations When a question begins with an interrogative word, also known as a question word, a verb typically comes next, followed by the noun. This pattern is common in English as well, but not as common as in Spanish.  ¿Dà ³nde pueden encontrar informacià ³n los diabà ©ticos? (Where can diabetics find information? Diabà ©ticos/diabetics is the subject of the sentence, while the compound verb is pueden encontrar/can find.) ¿Cuà ¡ndo va à ©l al mà ©dico? (When is he going to the doctor?) ¿Quà © son los cromosomas?  ¿Cuà ¡ntos tenemos los humanos?  (What are chromosomes? How many do we humans have?) When an interrogative word begins an exclamation, the subject also follows the verb:  ¡Quà © desnudos son los à ¡rboles! (How bare the trees are!) ¡Cuà ¡ntos errores cometià ³ à ©l!  (What a lot of mistakes he made!) When a question doesnt include an interrogative pronoun, and the verb isnt modified by an object or an adverbial phrase the standard word order typically is retained:  ¿Se graduà ³ en la universidad? (He graduated from the university?) ¿Va a tener un bebà ©? (She is going to have a baby?) But if the verb isnt modified by an object or phrase, the inverted order is typically used: Son amigos o desconocidos? (Are they friends or strangers?)Desaparecieron tus primos? (Did your cousins disappear?) Changing Word Order Because of Adverbs Because Spanish likes to keep adverbs close to the verbs they modify, the noun can be placed after the verb when the adverb (or adverbial phrase, as in the third example below) comes before the verb. Siempre me decà ­a mi madre que en la vida se recoge lo que se siembra. (My mother always told me that in life you reap what you sow. In the first part of the sentence, the subject mi madre follows the verb decà ­a, which is kept close to the adverb siempre.)Asà ­ era la Internet en la dà ©cada de los 90. (Thats how the Internet was in the 90s.)Cuando era nià ±o me maltrataron muchà ­simo mis padres. (When I was a boy my parents mistreated me a lot.)Con permiso salià ³ la mujer con el coche de mi padre. (With permission, the woman left with my fathers car.) Verbs of Existence Usually Go First The verbs haber (when it isnt used to form a perfect tense) and existir can be used to indicate that something exists. They are nearly always followed by the subject: Existen muchos mitos alrededor del sida. (There are many myths surrounding AIDS.)Solo hay dos opciones. (There are only two choices.)Una vez habà ­a tres hermanos que vivà ­an juntos. (Once there were three brothers who lived together.) Inverting Word Order To Indicate Whos Speaking In English, you can say either Its difficult, Paula said or Its difficult, said Paula, although the former is more common. In Spanish, the latter variation — Es difà ­cil, dijo Paula — is nearly always used. The inverted order is also used with verbs other than decir that indicate what a person is saying or thinking. Eso està ¡ muy bien, contestà ³ el presidente. (Thats very fine, the president answered.)Es sà ³lo un sueà ±o, pensà ³ la nià ±a.  (Its only a dream, the girl thought.)— ¡Bueno, bueno, basta ya! —gritaba el hombre. (Good, good, thats enough now! the man was shouting.) Using Verbs Such as Gustar Gustar is an unusual verb in that it is used almost exclusively in sentences that follow an indirect object gustar subject pattern. Thus in Me gusta la manzana (usually translated as I like the apple rather than the more literal the apple is pleasing to me), the verb gusta is followed by the subject la manzana. Similar verbs  include faltar (to be lacking), importar (to be important), encantar (to delight), molestar (to bother), doler (to cause pain), and quedar (to remain). A las vacas les gusta la mà ºsica de acordeà ³n. (Cows like accordion music. Although cows is the subject in the English translation, mà ºsica is the subject in Spanish.)Ya no me importa el dinero. (Money still isnt important to me.)Me duele la cabeza solo en el lado derecho. (My head aches only on the right side.) Inverting Word Order for Emphasis It is seldom grammatically wrong in Spanish  (although it can be awkward) to place almost any verb before its subject noun. When done, it is usually for emphasis or some kind of effect. De repente me escuchà ³ mi madre. (At once my mother listened to me. Here the speaker may be placing emphasis on the listening. It is also possible that the speaker is emphasizing the suddenness of the verbs action, so the adverbial phrase de repente comes first and is kept close to the verb. )Aprendimos de ellos y aprendieron ellos de nosotros. (We learned about them and they learned about us. Here the speaker may be subconsciously avoiding the awkwardness of ellos y ellos, which would be the normal word order.)Un aà ±o mà ¡s tarde, el 8 de abril de 1973, fallecià ³ Picasso. (One year later, on April 18, 1973, Picasso died. The subject often follows forms of fallecer and the synonym morir in journalistic writing.) Key Takeaways Spanish, like English, usually places the subject of a sentence before its verb. In Spanish, however, is is more common to change the order for reasons that include both meaning and style.Perhaps the most common reason for changing to a verb-subject word order is to form questions that use an interrogative pronoun.Sometimes the verb is placed before the subject to give the verb added emphasis.

Nigeria Is The Chronic Level Of Corruption - 1566 Words

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Nigeria is a country of promise that is hampered by a series of huge challenges. One of the most pervasive and destructive issues facing Nigeria is the chronic level of corruption. Africa’s most populous country with over 170 million people, modern Nigeria emerged from British colonialism gaining full independence in 1960. After many years of military rule, a 1999 constitution heralded a move to a civilian democratic government which has been in place ever since. (Africa:Nigeria, 2013) Nigeria is a resource rich nation with extensive reserves of oil and in fact, is Africa’s largest producer of oil. British Petroleum ranks Nigeria 9th in terms of the world’s oil producing nations. ( Desperate, 2012) However,†¦show more content†¦(Corruption, 2012) Many have attempted to define corruption. Nye describes corruption as â€Å"behavior which deviates from the formal duties of a public role because of private-regarding (personal, close family, private clique) pecuniary or status gains; or violates rules against the exercise of certain types of private regarding influence. This includes such behavior as bribery (use of a reward to pervert the judgment of a person in a position of trust); nepotism (bestowal of patronage by reason of ascriptive relationship rather than merit); and misappropriation (illegal appropriation of public resources for private-regarding uses).† (Nye, 1967) Corruption in Nigeria As early as 1979, corruption became embedded in the political culture of Nigeria as well as in the visible and the black market economies. All aspects of Nigerian society have been affected by corruption including educational institutions and religious organizations. The various Nigerian heads of state have made some effort to fight corruption but they themselves are the product of a system that deals in patronage, pay-offs and under-the-table dealing. Some commentators wonder whether the efforts to fight corruption are sincere and perhaps politicians are giving lip service to fighting corruption as a worthwhile endeavor but in reality, these same politicians do not believe it is a current priority. (Campbell, 2011) Financial transparency and above-board business dealings couldShow MoreRelatedThe Current Youth Is The Future1431 Words   |  6 Pagesdeveloped in order to gain control. Their followers are the youth of these developing countries; the youth that are shaping our world are being taught to exploit gaping security voids, how to use military grade weapons, and participate in endemic corruption. SSG-Advisors is working to end the extremism violence that is taking over the youth in Sub-Saharan Africa. SSG Advisors is a development company with innovative approaches to development challenges, which strive to combine the private sectorsRead MoreConceptual and Theoretical Understanding of Corruption in Nigeria5316 Words   |  22 PagesCONCEPTUAL AND THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO THE UNDERSTANDING OF CORRUPTION IN NIGERIA AUTHOR: OBAH-AKPOWOGHAHA, NELSON GOLDPIN CURRENT INSTITUTION/AFILIATION: Post Graduate (Msc) Student at Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife Osun State, Nigeria. Department of Political Science, P. O. Box 2006 OAU Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Email: goldefc2all@yahoo.co.uk. Tel: +2348062698441 ABSTRACT The paper discusses theoretical perspectives of corruption, its causes, forms, pattern that it has taken and devices used toRead MoreThe Importance Of Country Information On Northern Africa1506 Words   |  7 PagesCountry Information: Northern Africa: Algeria- The citizens are living in poverty, but the nation is wealthy due to their mass amounts of oil. Their economy level is upper middle income rate. Within the country there is about 18,000 people living with HIV or AIDS. Algeria is willing to direct money towards healthcare, but it is riddled with poor infrastructure. Its citizens generally favor Western Medicine. Unfortunately the country faces overpopulation, and is overcrowded in some cities. Egypt-Read MoreProblems of International Trade. Case Study: Nigeria3181 Words   |  13 Pagesand service. This differs on the natural resources, technology and labour force. Nigeria is Africa’s most populous country with a population of over 150 million people. It is one of the largest oil producers in the continent creating huge inflows of foreign income. Without question it holds enormous commercial potential as recent administrations have focused on developing the non-oil economy and tackling corruption. 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Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa with more than 169 million people; according to (WHO data 2012), â€Å"It is nation made of more than 250 ethnic groups, 36 states, 380 languages, and a diverse range of cultural and religious beliefs and practices’’ (cited in CDC; global public health; WHO 2014). The Health issues in Nigeria are very changeling with noRead MoreRural Poverty Alleviation in Nigeria10400 Words   |  42 PagesRURAL POVERTY ALLEVIATION IN Nigeria In addressing this topic; Rural Poverty Alleviation, it is necessary to define each of the words in this phrase. Efforts will therefore be made to clearly describe/define the following words; Rural, Poverty, and Alleviation. WHAT IS RURAL? To define what is rural is daunting task, because the word rural is an inexact term that can mean different thing to different people. For example, what is considered rural in a place like United States of America and UnitedRead MoreThe Food Security Challenge For A Growing Population Essay4162 Words   |  17 Pagespursues other needs of clothing and shelter. The Food security challenge for a growing population was an alarm raised by Thomas Robert Malthus in â€Å"An Essay on the Principle of Population†, to bring our consciousness to the topic of the food crisis in Nigeria. When Malthus posed the challenge of feeding the world population, there were around 900 million, but now we have 7.2 billion people on the planet and with the global population continuing to grow by around 75 million people per year, the challengeRead MoreExamine the Boko Haram Saga in Nigeria and Provide a Solution to Policy Makers1901 Words   |  8 Pages(GRADUATE STUDIES) EXAMINE THE BOKO HARAM SAGA IN NIGERIA AND PROVIDE A SOLUTION TO POLICY MAKERS. 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Interest in Growing Organic Vegetables †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Interest in Growing Organic Vegetables. Answer: Introduction In the given case, Mandy Johnson was born and was residing in Sydney. She studied commerce and worked in several accounting firms in Sydney. Mandy apart from meeting is professional goals how interest in growing organic vegetables. She purchased semi urban land in Sydney in order to meet out her interest. The organic vegetables and fruits that have been produced in the land have been sold to small vegetables and fruits stores. In the year 2016, Mandy decided to leave Australia for certain years and started working United States. She signed a contract for working in United States and sold her semi urban land which is used to utilize for growing organic vegetables. In order to make out the sale of the semi urban land, Mandy was required to make certain additional expenditures in terms of legal fees and agent cost worth $15,000. August 2016, Mandy started living in California I was working with PWC San Francisco office. She was intending to return to Australia in the year 2020. In order to continue her working in PWC, she took an apartment for 3 years lease in San Francisco city. Her house in occupied by her niece and nephew during her stay in San Francisco. Mandy was not charging any interest from her niece and nephew during their stay in his house at Sydney. In the year 2009, Mandy was inherited an apartment from her grandmother. Since year 2016, the apartment was let out to a tenant for a rent worth $700 per week. In order to maintain the property at Sydney she has hired an agent who received 5% Commission on the rent received. Apart from the commission amount, Mandy is required to bear council rates fees and body corporate fees worth $1100 every Quarter. In the year 2016-17, Mandy acquired certain shares listed in Australian Stock Exchange. She told to share during the year and earned income. The profit that has been on buy her from trading of shares during the year will be taxable as per the provision of Australian tax laws. In order to determine the taxability in Australia it is important to determine the residential status of a person in the country. Through the help of the Residential status of an individual we can determine the personal tax liability in his hand. The residential status test has the following points that need to consider: The person has been staying for the entire year in the country, Australia. If the person clears this test, he would not be required to pass any other residential status test in the country. If the person fails to meet out the above condition he would require to meet out any of the following three conditions to pass the residential status test in the country: The person should be staying for at least 183 days in the country Australia. This can be in continuation or can be in parts. The permanent residence of the individual has been proved to be there in Australia. If the person has been employed by the Australian government and due to his/her employment he/she has been deputed in some other country outside Australia, he would be considered as a resident of Australia. If an individual is able to meet any of the above three conditions he would be considered as a residence of Australia for the purpose of tax computation. In the given case, Mandy for the year 2016-17, was doing living in San Francisco and was doing job in PWC San Francisco office. Considering the provision of residential status, she was not staying in the country Australia for 183 days during the financial year. However, she has a permanent residence in Australia where her niece and nephew were staying during her stay in San Francisco. Thus, considering the provision of Australian tax laws, for the purpose of determining residential status, Mandy been holding a permanent residence in Sydney Australia, is considered to be a resident in Australia for the purpose of tax calculations for the financial year 2016-17. Being, in the above case, Mandy has been declared as a resident in Australia, all income that has been earned by her either in Australia or in any part of the world will be taxed as per the provision of Australian tax laws. However all the special threshold benefits those are applicable on a resident for the purpose of tax calc ulation will be provided to her. In light to the above provision, all the income earned by a resident in Australia will be taxed with in the country itself. Thus all the income i.e. salary and dividend income of Mandy will be taxed in Australia. Along with the above taxes, Mandy is liable to pay Medicare levy amount on the income. This amount is required to be paid by a resident to the Australian government. (ATO) As per the provision of Australian tax laws, any income that has been earned by resident in Australia or outside Australia will be taxed as per the provision of Australian tax laws. In the given case, Mandy being holding a permanent residence in Australia will be considered as a resident of Australia does any income that she is on in United States while working in PWC San Francisco office will be considered as income earned in Australia and will be taxed accordingly. The financial year 2016-17 will begin from 1st July 2016 and will end on 30th June 2017. Thus any income that has been earned by Mandy before 1sy July 2016 will not be considered will computing the income for the financial year 2016-17. Mandy was engaged in the business of selling organic vegetables. The last batch of vegetables was sold in May 2016. Thus, any income that has been generated from the sale of organic vegetables in not be considered while computing the income for the financial year 2016-17, being the same was pertaining to last year. During the financial year 2016-17, Mandy earned salary worth $180,000 while working in United States for PWC San Francisco office. Further, on 1st July 2016, she sold the semi rural land which she purchased in the year 2009. The profit that has been made from sale of land will be considered as capital gain and will be taxable in the hands of Mandy. During the same financial year, she earned rental income from the apartment which has been in herited to her from her grandmother. Further, during the year, Mandy was engaged in trading of securities and shares. She made considerable amount of profit while doing the trading activities. Any income that has been generated from trading of securities will be considered as taxable income in will be taxable as per the provision of Australian tax laws. Thus, considering the provision Australian tax laws, salary which Mandy has earned in United States worth $180,000 will be taxable in Australia. Thus $225,000 ($180,000 US Dollars * 1.25) will be taxable in Australia. Any income that has been made by a person from sale of shares will be considered as capital gain when will be taxed as per the provision of Australian tax laws. However if a person is doing a business of selling and buying of shares then in that case the profit that has been cost will be considered as ordinary income and will be taxed accordingly. In the given case, Mandy was dealing in buying and selling of shares, in this scenario the selling of shares will be considered as a capital gain or loss activity and profit and loss from such transaction will be eligible for capital gain tax. Date of Purchase Company Number of Shares Purchase Price Amount Number of Shares Sold Sales price Amount Profit/(Loss) April 17 Sirtex Medical Ltd 500 32 16000 500 16 8000 -8000 June 17 A2 Milk Company Ltd 5000 1.75 8750 5000 3.5 17500 8750 Aug 15 CSL Ltd 100 92 9200 100 135 13500 4300 5050 Any capital loss it has been booked by Mandy in the previous year can be set off from capital gain made in coming years. Any brokerage that has been paid on buying and selling of shares will also be allowed as deduction. In the given case, Mandy as in curd capital loss worth $3,000 in the previous year, the loss will be carried forward and will be set off from the capital gain made in the current year. Further, she incurred brokerage worth $100 in the current year on the sale and purchase of shares. It will be considered as allowable deduction and will be deducted from the capital gain so made As per the working, Mandy has made a profit of $5050 in the current financial year; the profit so made will be considered as capital gain and will be kept separate from the ordinary income. The capital loss of $3000 and brokerage worth $100 will be deducted from this amount making the net capital gain worth $1,950. Mandy in the year 2009 in order to meet out her interest in growing organic vegetables has acquired or semi rural land worth $400,000. She spent additional $20,000 on stamp duty and on other charges. She sold the parcel of land for $650,000 incurred additional $15,000 charges on legal fees in relation to the sale. The profit that has been made by her on sale of land will be considered as captain again and will be tax accordingly. The indexation benefit will be provided to Mandy up on the capital gain made on sale of land which is subject to 50% of the capital gain made by her. Particular Amount Purchase price of land $ 400,000 Add: Stamp duty and legal cost $ 20,000 Total cost $ 420,000 Sales price of the land $ 650,000 Less: Legal cost $ (15,000) $ 635,000 Capital gain $ 215,000 50% discount indexation $ 107,500 Net capital gain $ 107,500 The house that has been inherited to Mandy from her grandmother has been let out for $700 per month. She pays 5% of the rent received as Commission to the broker. Further she is required to pay $300 per quarter on Council rates and $800 for quarter as corporate fees. The rental amount so received is taxable in the hands of Mandy. However she will be entitled to claim deduction for the council rates and corporate fees along with the commission that she is paid to the agent. Particular Amount Rental Income $8,400 Less: Commission paid ($420) Less: Council rates ($1,200) Less: Corporate rates ($3,200) Capital gain on sale of shares $3,580 The final tax liability of Mandy will be calculated keeping the ordinary income separate from the capital gain income. The ordinary income will be taxed as per the Tax slab. There is no specific capital gain tax rate. The capital gain so calculated as per the above method will be added to the taxable income and will be taxed accordingly as per the marginal rate applicable on the individual. The taxation rates applicable on Australian residents are as follows: Taxable income Tax on this income $18,201 $37,000 19c for each $1 over $18,200 $37,001 $87,000 $3,572 plus 32.5c for each $1 over $37,000 $87,001 $180,000 $19,822 plus 37c for each $1 over $87,000 $180,001 and over $54,232 plus 45c for each $1 over $180,000 Particular Amount Salary received by Mandy in United States $225,000 Capital gain on sale of land $107,500 Capital gain on sale of shares $1,950 Rental income $3,580 Total income $338,030 Taxable income Tax on this income Tax $18,201 $37,000 19c for each $1 over $18,200 $ - $37,001 $87,000 $3,572 plus 32.5c for each $1 over $37,000 $3,572 $87,001 $180,000 $19,822 plus 37c for each $1 over $87,000 $19,822 $180,001 and over $54,232 plus 45c for each $1 over $180,000 $125,346 Tax $148,740 Medical levy $6,761 Total tax $155,500 While Mandy was staying overseas, she continued to pay her Australian Private Health Insurance Premium. The amount so contributed by Mandy will be considered as eligible for a rebate irrespective of her residential status in Australia if the policy that she has taken is covered under the insurance policies which are registered with the Australian government, are eligible for Medicare. In this case it is required that the salary of the taxpayer should be less than the threshold provided in tier 3 income threshold. Mandy was holding the residential status of Australia because of her permanent residence in the country. If after her return she decides to sell the permanent residence, there might be a probability that she might not hold the residential status of Australia. This will impact the taxability provisions of Mandy in Australia in the financial year in which she returns back to the country. In normal scenario, by any means, Mandy was able to maintain the residential status in Australia; she would capital gain on sale of her permanent residence and would be taxable as per the provision of Australian tax laws. In case Mandy, during her stay in United States decides to leave out the house two tenants at market rate rather than giving it to her niece and nephew, rental income that she would have won would be considered as other income and will be added to her taxable income. The computation of tax will be calculated considering the provision of Australian tax law. References Ato.gov.au_ working out tax residency, viewed on 27th Aug 2017, Retrieved from https://www.ato.gov.au/individuals/international-tax-for-individuals/work-out-your-tax-residency/residency-tests/ ATO.gov.au, Shares, units and similar investments, viewed on 27th Aug 2017, Retrieved from https://www.ato.gov.au/general/capital-gains-tax/shares,-units-and-similar-investments/ ATO.gov.au, Your home and other real estate, viewed on 27th Aug 2017, Retrieved from https://www.ato.gov.au/General/Capital-gains-tax/Your-home-and-other-real-estate/ ATO.gov.au, working out your capital gain, viewed on 27th Aug 2017, Retrieved from https://www.ato.gov.au/General/Capital-gains-tax/Working-out-your-capital-gain-or-loss/Working-out-your-capital-gain/ ATO tax rates, Capital Gains Tax, viewed on 27th Aug 2017, Retrieved from https://atotaxrates.info/capital-gains-tax/ ATO.gov.au, Private health insurance rebate eligibility, viewed on 27th Aug 2017, Retrieved from https://www.ato.gov.au/individuals/medicare-levy/private-health-insurance-rebate/private-health-insurance-rebate-eligibility/

Leadership Management and Social Responsiblities

Question: Discuss about the Leadership Management and Social Responsiblities. Answer: Introduction The present study is about a company yellow motor that is one of the well known companies. It was started in the year 1989 and occupied almost 54 marketing shares in the year 2008. In this way, the company was developed on a very fast scale and increase the value of shares in only 20 years from incorporated. The report is all about the changes and decision making of the manager with regard to change in the company. The Yellow Auto Automotive Company adopted the changes in a very effective way and also has positive results from the same. With a brief introduction we can understand that the learners will learn about the basic information about Yellow Auto Automotive Company. Then, the study will be continued with the changes takes place in respect to the leadership, relevant decision making and responsibilities etc. At last, there will suggestions that ho this company can maintain short coming and long comings in their organization, how the changes can be easily adopted and applied in the internal and external management of the company, how they can make correct and wise decision on time, etc. About the company Yellow Auto Automotive Company Yellow Auto Automotive Company was initiated and builds by two brothers, Caner and Can Sale in the year of 1989 as a family company. It is a dealer of famous brand Renault. As we know that is was a family company so the shareholders and stake holders are also acted by the owners and relatives. The assets were also brought up by the two brothers together. There are two stores owned by Yellow Auto Automotive Company that are in Gaziemir and Cambidi. This company is one of the most reputed and well-known car companies in the world. They aim and objective is to sell famous brands and luxurious cars in different counties (Bailey, 2016). The theory of change It is a particular type of methodology in which participation, planning and evaluation is used in the government and private sectors so that social change can be promoted n the society. The theory of changes has a long term goals and their aim is to achieve the social welfare. There is a link between the short term and long term changes that are required to be done in the organizations (Haines, 2016). There is an innovation in the theory of changes that can be achieved through making changes between the desired outcomes and the actual outcomes, understand the need and want of the customers and bring changes in the working so that they can be satisfied, etc. many organization commence a mistake in understanding the theory of change as they think that the theory to change is due to the methodology of planning and evaluation. Instead of this, the theory of change is critical theory that means a transparent and clear distribution of power dynamics. To achieve the final solutions, there is a need of many types of perspectives and participation from all the members soft the company (Bennister, 2016). Lewins change management model Change is a basic criterion to run all threads either small, medium or large business, industries, ages, etc. as the world is changing on a fast scale, the organizations are also changing their structure. It is said that the organization who handle the changes in a positive way can have a competitive advantage. The change management is similar to all the business but the changes are dependent on how an organization is managing the changes taking place and also how the people understanding the changes. Lewins change management model is one of the prominent models that describe the three stages of changes that are unfreezing - change- refreezes. Lewin, who was a social scientist and physicist, had explained the organizational changes by using analogy of changing the shapes of a block of an ice (Brown, 2016). The Kurt Lewin change management theory was initiated by Curt Lewin who was the founder of social psychology. He found his interest in human aspect of change. Stages of changes Take an ice cube and melt that cube into so that it converts into water. This stage is termed as unfreeze. Then put that water into stencils of whatever shape you want and this tag is changes stage. Finally, we observe that is solidifying into new shape. This is the final stage that is now as refreeze stage (Chapparamani, 2012). Form this study we learn, the different stages of changes. It says that make a plan for the change that are coming in our way so that they can be managed in a proper way. Blind changes generally lead to chaos and turmoil. The first stage refers to the preparations of the changes that are involved in the organization so that they can be welcomed positively. In this stage, the organization should understand the need of changes in the organization. It is the most stressful and complicated stage as the organization is not aware about any kind of change that will take place n the future (Suttle, 2016). The second stage of change is change itself. This stage refers to the implementation stage of the process. The transition will takes place in this stage but this cannot be accomplished in one day. New ways and innovative ideas are implemented and used practically in the organization. In order to accept the changes in the organization, there must be contribution o each employees is required because changes are necessary (Muhammad, 2015). The last stage is refreeze stage in which changes have taken place and the employees and other members are become aware about the changes. The organization has taken a new shape and employees again become use to of all the changes (Burrell, 2012). Evaluation of theory on the basis of strengths and weakness Advantages of theory- It provides visual summary to various factors and supports ideas of the company. It is easily applicable in the yellow auto company. It provides qualitative factors to the organizations. The evaluation of the data will expand though application of Lewins change theory and it also create a positive impact in the success and failures of the company decision making (Janssen, et.al, 2006). Strength of the company The financial structure is very strong of yellow auto company. They have an effective team and employees that are very skilled and laborious in nature. Can sale has an in-depth knowledge and experience of automotive industry. He is an effective manager who is charismatic and intelligent enough to handle such organization. The reputation of the company in the automobile markets of Izmir is very high. It is enjoying a good status and giving competition to big firms of Izmir (Feng, 2012). Disadvantages of theory As we know that the Lewins theory is very much rational, Plan and goals oriented. Yellow Auto Company is very flexible and changes are required but not suddenly. Changes are good but they do not considered human feelings and experiences. They have negative impact too. In this way, this theory may prove negative for yellow auto company (Goodall, 2008). Weakness of the company There was confusion about the allocation of authority and responsibility in the organization as employees are not aware and clear about the structure followed by the company. There was a mixture of formal and informal communication between them. There were no proper distribution of authority and responsibility between them. The facilities were insufficient and the premises age is also very old. There was a need to restructure the infrastructure of the company. There was lack in the spirit of team members and group members as there was a lack of effective and positive leadership in yellow auto company. The manager is also an autocratic leader who does not welcome the ideas of employees. There were no management regards to the conflicts so the rate of conflicts in the employees was too high (Shane, Ulrich, 2004). It was observed that the organizations main focus is on the authority and the power and not on the relationship of employees, system and pose. The main values of yellow auto company were on the competition, power, achievements and assertiveness. There were many critical problems faced by the company like distribution and mansgment of authority and responsibility and lack of clarity in the job allocation (Stippler, 2011). The other problem that the company was facing related to the customers complaints as the employees were not having sufficient knowledge and information regarding their complaints. They do not know that there must be an effective team who is valuable for the handling of clients it results in the value of market share. There were gap between the expectations and the satisfactions of the employees. The actual output was not matched with the desired one (Townsend, 2011). It was observed that the leadership style of Casa Sale was an autocratic style as he did not give much importance to his employees ideas but he is an charismatic leader though his own ideas and skills. Every decision of the company was taken place with the orders of Casa Sale. He has the power o manage everything on his own. He has the capability to make happy and also to let down the morale of an employee within seconds. Yes, there will be significant change in the attitude of employees, there are not only change stakes place in the attitude of employees but also in the job satisfaction of employees, culture of the organization, styles of the leaders, etc. if the changes take place, may or may not the employment policies will also changes. Sometimes, changes bring new hopes that are considered as a part of motivation. The significant change in the attitude of employees can be related to the performance of their working. Reasons of changes in Yellow Auto Company that will lead to change management In the year 2001, the managers and the head of the company realized that Yellow Auto Company have the capability to capture 50% of the market of automobile sector in that country so they determined this as the aim. They also realized that to achieve such big goal, the company has to bring changes that are effective and radical in nature. The changes will also address and help to manage the issues, problems and challenges face by the company. These problems are also related to the physical infrastructure and culture of the company. Before, the company made decision on the basis of their own thinking without the involvement of any employee and directors of the company. However, the top management knew that changes are very risky in nature and it is possible that they might create more problems in the orgnaistaion if changes are not well planned and the n well managed. In this way, the Yellow Auto Company realized the need of change in their company and then they conduct an analysis and research on the companys management. They conduct a conference and SWOT analysis to analyze the companys change management. Project methodology The critical and most important part of the project is the change management in the yellow auto company. In the first part, we have discussed about the entire case study provided and sum up that case study through summary. The second part of the study depicts about the theory of change management. The Kurt Lewis theory is discussed with its origin and steps. In the next part of the study, the discussion about the strength and weakness of Kurt Lewis theory is discussed. The impact of strength and weakness on Yellow Auto Company is also mentioned. The three stages of Kurt Lewis theory that are unfreeze-change-refreeze are also mentioned above. The third part depicts the degree of changes and its impact on the job satisfaction, organizational structure, and leadership style and employee attitudes. Recommendations There is a need to solve the problems related to the communication and coordination of the companys employees and other members. There were many rules and regulations in the company that are not suited to the employees. The employees were not personally attached to the company as the relations between the employees and the managers were not good. There was no autonomy to the employees. They are not even allowed to take minor decisions by their own. Such situations lead to immoral and dissatisfaction. Employees were start feeling neglected and hence their ability to do work declined. Conclusion At last we can conclude that the effective change management is very important in not only individuals life but also in the organizations. A change leads to up gradation that will directly influence the status of the same. 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